“Cervical cancer remains one of the leading causes of cancer in women worldwide. However, it is also one of the most preventable cancers when detected early. ”
Screening tests, such as cervical screening and Pap smears, play a vital role in this prevention. With advancements in medical science, the methods for detecting cervical cancer have evolved. Understanding the difference between cervical screening and Pap smears is essential for women at every stage of life.
At North Brighton Medical Centre, our female GPs are committed to providing comprehensive care to women in Brighton, Elsternwick, Gardenvale, Ripponlea, Elwood, Caulfield South, Bentleigh, McKinnon, and Ormond. In this blog, we’ll break down the differences between cervical screening and Pap smears, why they matter for your health, and why regular testing is an important part of women’s healthcare.
What Is Cervical Screening?
Cervical screening is the current method used in Australia to detect early signs of cervical cancer. It aims to identify abnormal cell changes in the cervix that could potentially develop into cancer over time. The primary goal of cervical screening is to detect high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV), which is responsible for the majority of cervical cancers.
Since December 2017, Australia has transitioned to the HPV test as part of the cervical screening program. The test involves collecting a sample of cells from the cervix, which are then tested for high-risk HPV. If the virus is detected, further investigation (such as a colposcopy) is conducted to determine whether abnormal cell changes are present. This approach has proven to be more accurate and effective in preventing cervical cancer.
What Is a Pap Smear?
The Pap smear (also known as the Pap test) was previously the gold standard for cervical cancer screening. In a Pap smear, a healthcare provider collects a sample of cells from the cervix and examines them under a microscope for abnormalities. These abnormalities may indicate precancerous changes or infections that need treatment.
While Pap smears were essential for detecting abnormal cells, they did not test for the underlying cause of cervical cancer: HPV. As a result, many women were unaware of their HPV infection until abnormal cell changes were detected, sometimes at later stages. Although Pap smears were effective, the introduction of HPV testing has now made cervical screening a more comprehensive and proactive method for cervical cancer prevention.
The Key Differences Between Cervical Screening and Pap Smears
1. What They Test For:
Cervical Screening: Cervical screening tests for high-risk HPV, the virus responsible for the majority of cervical cancers. If HPV is detected, further investigation can prevent cancer before it develops.
Pap Smear: Pap smears tested for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells were found, further tests were required to determine whether they were precancerous or cancerous.
2. Frequency:
Cervical Screening: The current recommendation is to have a cervical screening every five years for women aged 25 to 74. If you're due for a test or have any concerns, your GP can advise you on the timing.
Pap Smear: Pap smears were typically done every two years for women aged 18 to 70. With the introduction of HPV testing, the frequency of screening is now reduced.
3. What Happens After the Test:
Cervical Screening: If HPV is detected, further tests such as a colposcopy may be recommended to examine the cervix in greater detail and identify any changes in cells.
Pap Smear: If abnormal cells were found, further follow-up would be required to confirm whether the cells were precancerous or cancerous. This may involve a colposcopy or biopsy.
4. Age Range:
Cervical Screening: Women aged 25 to 74 are recommended to have cervical screening as part of the National Cervical Screening Program.
Pap Smear: Pap smears were recommended for women aged 18 to 70.
Why Cervical Screening is Important
Cervical cancer is one of the few cancers that can be effectively prevented with regular screening. The introduction of the HPV test in cervical screening allows for early detection of the virus that is responsible for cervical cancer. Detecting HPV early means that women can take proactive steps to address the virus before it leads to cancer.
“Early detection through cervical screening also helps reduce the number of women diagnosed with cervical cancer, as it provides an opportunity for early intervention and treatment. By detecting HPV and any potential changes in the cervix, cervical screening plays a vital role in saving lives.”
The Importance of HPV Vaccination
In addition to cervical screening, the HPV vaccine provides significant protection against the strains of HPV most likely to cause cervical cancer. The vaccine is part of the routine immunisation program for young women (and men) in Australia. It is most effective when administered before exposure to HPV, ideally in pre-adolescence or adolescence, but it is still beneficial for older women as well.
For women who have received the HPV vaccine, cervical screening is still essential because the vaccine does not protect against all types of HPV. Regular screening is vital to maintain cervical health.
When to Get Your Cervical Screening Test
The recommended age to start cervical screening is 25 years old, and it should continue every five years until you turn 74. It’s essential not to skip these screenings, as early detection is key to preventing cervical cancer. If you’re unsure about when your next screening is due, or if you have any concerns regarding your cervical health, don’t hesitate to contact us at North Brighton Medical Centre.
Conclusion
Cervical screening and Pap smears are both important tools for preventing cervical cancer, but with advancements in medical science, cervical screening with HPV testing has become the more effective method. Regular cervical screening, and vaccination against HPV, is essential for protecting your health and preventing cervical cancer. At North Brighton Medical Centre, we are here to provide the care and guidance you need. Book your cervical screening appointment today and take proactive steps towards maintaining your health.
1. How often should I get a cervical screening test?
Cervical screening is recommended every five years for women aged 25 to 74. If you're due for a screening or have any questions about your health, speak to your GP.
2. Why did the Pap smear change to cervical screening with the HPV test?
The HPV test is more effective at detecting the virus that causes cervical cancer, allowing for earlier detection and better prevention. This change helps women stay better protected against cervical cancer.
3. I’m under 25. Should I still get a cervical screening test?
Cervical screening is not recommended for women under 25. However, if you have concerns about your health, speak to your GP for personalised advice.
4. What happens if my cervical screening test shows that I have HPV?
If HPV is detected, your doctor may recommend additional tests, such as a colposcopy, to check for any changes in the cells of the cervix. Most HPV infections do not lead to cancer, but further monitoring is important.
5. Does the HPV vaccine protect me from cervical cancer?
Yes, the HPV vaccine can help protect against the most common strains of the virus that cause cervical cancer. It's recommended for young women and men, but even if you’re older, the vaccine can still offer some protection. Talk to your doctor about vaccination options.